Image Gallery: Mangrove

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Mangroves are hardy shrubs and trees that thrive in salt water and have specialised adaptations so they can survive the volatile energies of intertidal zones along marine coasts.
Mangrove roots at low tide in the Philippines
Mangroves are adapted to saline conditions
Red mangrove
Salt crystals formed on an Avicennia marina leaf
Gallery 1, Image 1: Pneumatophorous aerial roots of the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina)
Gallery 1, Image 2: Vivipary in Rhizophora mangle seeds
Seawater filtration in the root of the mangrove Rhizophora stylosa. (a) Schematic of the root. The outermost layer is composed of three layers. The root is immersed in NaCl solution. (b) Water passes through the outermost layer when a negative suction pressure is applied across the outermost layer. The Donnan potential effect repels Cl− ions from the first sublayer of the outermost layer. Na+ ions attach to the first layer to satisfy the electro-neutrality requirement and salt retention eventually occurs.
A germinating Avicennia seed
Global distribution of native mangrove species, 2010. Not shown are introduced ranges: Rhizophora stylosa in French Polynesia, Bruguiera sexangula, Conocarpus erectus, and Rhizophora mangle in Hawaii, Sonneratia apelata in China, and Nypa fruticans in Cameroon and Nigeria.
Location and relative density of mangroves in South-east Asia and Australasia – based on Landsat satellite images, 2010
Global distribution of threatened mangrove species, 2010
Global distribution of mangrove forests, 2011
Mangrove roots above and below water
Nipa palms, Nypa fruticans, the only palm species fully adapted to the mangrove biome
Bacterial and fungal community in a mangrove tree. Bacterial taxonomic community composition in the rhizosphere soil and fungal taxonomic community composition in all four rhizosphere soil and plant compartments. Information on the fungal ecological functional groups is also provided. Proportions of fungal OTUs (approximate species) that can colonise at least two of the compartments are shown in the left panel.
Phages are viruses that infect bacteria, such as cyanobacteria. Shown are the virions of different families of tailed phages: Myoviridae, Podoviridae and Siphoviridae
Phylogenetic tree of tailed phages found in the mangrove virome. Reference sequences are coloured black, and virome contigs are indicated with varied colours. The scale bar represents half amino acid substitution per site.
Circular representation of the chloroplast genome for the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina

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