References for Female genital mutilation

References to other articles, organized by section

Anthropologist
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Chronic pain
Clitoral glans
Clitoral hood
Côte d'Ivoire
Cultural relativism
Cyst
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Gender inequality
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Human female sexuality
Indonesia
Iraq
Kenya
Labia majora
Labia minora
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Menstruation
Niger
Nigeria
Prevalence of female genital mutilation
Religious views on female genital mutilation
Senegal
Sexual intercourse
Sierra Leone
Social exclusion
Somalia
Sudan
Togo
Uganda
UNICEF
United Nations Population Fund
United Republic of Tanzania
Vagina
Vulva
World Health Organization
Yemen

Terminology

American Ethnologist
Ancient Rome
Bambara language
Church of Scotland
Egypt
Fibula (brooch)
Fran Hosken
Igbo language
Infibulation
Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children
Laikipia County
Male circumcision
Marion Stevenson
Muhammad
National Council of Churches of Kenya
Rose Oldfield Hayes
Samburu people
Somalia
Sudan
Sunnah
World Health Organization

Methods

Barber
Bulb of vestibule
Clitoral glans
Clitoris
Corpus cavernosum of clitoris
Crus of clitoris
Urinary meatus
Vagina

Distribution

UNICEF

Household surveys

Demographic and Health Surveys
ICF International
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys
United States Agency for International Development

Type of FGM

Hedareb people
Tigrinya people

Prevalence

Colombia
Gerry Mackie
Indonesian Ulema Council
Iran
Jordan
Kurds
Malaysia
Ministry of Health (Indonesia)
Oman
Saudi Arabia
State of Palestine
United Arab Emirates

Age, ethnicity

Erbil
Fula people
Kamba people
Kirkuk
Kisi people
Kurdish people
Rite of passage
Sande society
Sierra Leone Creole
Somali people
Sulaymaniyah

Support from women

Dry sex
Footbinding
Fuambai Ahmadu
Gerry Mackie
Janice Boddy
Kono people
Rose Oldfield Hayes
Sande society
Sierra Leone
Vicks VapoRub
Child marriage
Ellen Gruenbaum
Malicounda Bambara
Molly Melching
Social convention
Tostan
Zarma people

Religion

Abu Dawood
Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Al-Azhar University
Animism
Beta Israel
Christian views on sin
Dawoodi Bohra
Female genital mutilation in India
Hadith
Hadith terminology
Quran
Shafi'i
Shia Islam
Skoptsy
Sunni Islam

Antiquity

Aëtius of Amida
Ancient Egypt
British Museum
Calamine
Coffin Texts
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian Museum
Frankincense
Galen
Grafton Elliot Smith
Meroë
Middle Kingdom of Egypt
Mummy
Papyrus
Philo
Pudendal cleft
Sarcophagus
Strabo

Red Sea slave trade

Infibulation
Islamic views on concubinage
João dos Santos
Red Sea slave trade

Europe and the United States

Cervix
Episiotomy
Female hysteria
Husband stitch
Isaac Baker Brown
J. Marion Sims
James C. Burt
Karl Ferdinand von Graefe
Medical Society of London
Missionary position
Nymphomania
Obstetrical Society
Pubococcygeus muscle
St Mary's Hospital, London
The Lancet

Colonial opposition in Kenya

Church of Scotland
Colonial Office
East Africa Protectorate
Edward Grigg
Gakaara wa Wanjaũ
Hulda Stumpf
John Arthur (missionary)
Jomo Kenyatta
Karatina
Kikuyu Central Association
Kikuyu people
List of colonial governors and administrators of Kenya
Marion Scott Stevenson
Oral tradition
Sine qua non

Growth of opposition

African Union
Babikir Badri
Edna Adan Ismail
Fran Hosken
Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children
Maputo Protocol
Nawal El Saadawi
Somali Women's Democratic Organization
Violence against women
World Conference on Human Rights
World Conference on Women, 1980

United Nations

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
Female genital mutilation laws by country
Game theory
International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation
Social norms approach
United Nations General Assembly

Overview

Female genital mutilation in New Zealand

North America

American Academy of Pediatrics
Criminal Code (Canada)
Khalid Adem
Matter of Kasinga
Togo

Europe

Aminata Diop
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003
Harrow
North London
Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985
Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005

Tolerance versus human rights

Bride price
Cultural imperialism
Dry sex
False consciousness
Levirate marriage
Mary Daly
Moral relativism
Obioma Nnaemeka
Othering
Polygyny
Reductionism
Sylvia Tamale

Cosmetic procedures

Benoîte Groult
Breast augmentation
Carla Obermeyer
Clitoral hood reduction
Fadwa El Guindi
Labiaplasty
Martha Nussbaum
Rhinoplasty
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland

Analogy to other genital-altering procedures

Circumcision
Conservatism in the United States
Gender-affirming surgery
Genital modification and mutilation
Intersex
Transgender

Source on Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org)

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References for Female genital mutilation

Terminology

Methods

Variation

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Short term

Long term

Pregnancy, childbirth

Psychological effects, sexual function