|
|
stanford_edu_philosophy.rss.xml - sfeed_tests - sfeed tests and RSS and Atom files |
|
|
 |
git clone git://git.codemadness.org/sfeed_tests (git://git.codemadness.org) |
|
|
 |
Log |
|
|
|
Files |
|
|
|
Refs |
|
|
|
README |
|
|
|
LICENSE |
|
|
|
--- |
|
|
|
stanford_edu_philosophy.rss.xml (16285B) |
|
|
|
--- |
|
|
|
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
|
|
|
2 <rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"> |
|
|
|
3 <channel> |
|
|
|
4 <atom:link href="http://plato.stanford.edu/rss/sep.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /> |
|
|
|
5 <title>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</title> |
|
|
|
6 <link>http://plato.stanford.edu/</link> |
|
|
|
7 <description>This channel provides information about new and revised |
|
|
|
8 entries as they are published in the Stanford Encyclopedia of |
|
|
|
9 Philosophy.</description> |
|
|
|
10 <language>en-us</language> |
|
|
|
11 <copyright>Copyright Notice. Authors contributing an entry or entries |
|
|
|
12 to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, except as provided herein, |
|
|
|
13 retain the copyright to their entry or entries. By contributing an |
|
|
|
14 entry or entries, the author grants to the Metaphysics Research Lab at |
|
|
|
15 Stanford University an exclusive license to publish their entry or |
|
|
|
16 entries on the Internet and the World Wide Web, including any future |
|
|
|
17 technologies or media that develop to supplement or replace the |
|
|
|
18 Internet or World Wide Web, on the terms of the Licensing Agreement |
|
|
|
19 set forth in http://plato.stanford.edu/info.html. The rights granted |
|
|
|
20 to the Metaphysics Research Lab at Stanford University include the |
|
|
|
21 right to enforce such rights in any forum, administrative, judicial, |
|
|
|
22 or otherwise. All rights not expressly granted to the Metaphysics |
|
|
|
23 Research Lab at Stanford University, including the right to publish an |
|
|
|
24 entry or entries in other print media, are retained by the |
|
|
|
25 authors. Copyright of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy itself |
|
|
|
26 is held by the Metaphysics Research Lab at Stanford University. All |
|
|
|
27 rights are reserved. No part of the Encyclopedia (excluding individual |
|
|
|
28 contributions and works derived solely from those contributions, for |
|
|
|
29 which rights are reserved by the individual authors) may be reprinted, |
|
|
|
30 reproduced, stored, or utilized in any form, by any electronic, |
|
|
|
31 mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including |
|
|
|
32 printing, photocopying, saving (on disk), broadcasting or recording, |
|
|
|
33 or in any information storage or retrieval system, other than for |
|
|
|
34 purposes of fair use, without written permission from the copyright |
|
|
|
35 holder. (All communications should be directed to the Principal |
|
|
|
36 Editor.)</copyright> |
|
|
|
37 <pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2020 17:04:31 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
38 <lastBuildDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2020 17:04:31 -0800</lastBuildDate> |
|
|
|
39 <managingEditor>editors@plato.stanford.edu (Stanford Encyclopedia Editor)</managingEditor> |
|
|
|
40 <webMaster>webmaster@plato.stanford.edu (Webmaster)</webMaster> |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
42 <item> |
|
|
|
43 <title>Essential vs. Accidental Properties</title> |
|
|
|
44 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/essential-accidental/</link> |
|
|
|
45 <description> |
|
|
|
46 [Revised entry by Teresa Robertson Ishii and Philip Atkins on October 26, 2020. |
|
|
|
47 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] |
|
|
|
48 The distinction between essential versus accidental properties has been characterized in various ways, but it is often understood in modal terms: an essential property of an object is a property that it must have, while an accidental property of an object is one that it happens to have but that it could lack. Let's call this the basic modal characterization, where a modal characterization of a notion is one that explains the notion in terms of...</description> |
|
|
|
49 <dc:creator>Teresa Robertson Ishii and Philip Atkins</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
50 <pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2020 16:55:33 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
51 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/essential-accidental/</guid> |
|
|
|
52 </item> |
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
54 <item> |
|
|
|
55 <title>Dedekind’s Contributions to the Foundations of Mathematics</title> |
|
|
|
56 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dedekind-foundations/</link> |
|
|
|
57 <description> |
|
|
|
58 [Revised entry by Erich Reck on October 23, 2020. |
|
|
|
59 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] |
|
|
|
60 Richard Dedekind (1831 - 1916) was one of the greatest mathematicians of the nineteenth-century, as well as one of the most important contributors to algebra and number theory of all time. Any comprehensive history of mathematics will mention him for his investigation of the notions of algebraic number, field, group, module, lattice, etc., and especially for the invention of his theory of ideals (see, e.g., Dieudonne 1985, Boyer a Merzbach 1991, Stillwell 2000, Kolmogorov a Yushkevich 2001, Wussing 2012)....</description> |
|
|
|
61 <dc:creator>Erich Reck</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
62 <pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2020 16:22:43 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
63 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dedekind-foundations/</guid> |
|
|
|
64 </item> |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
66 <item> |
|
|
|
67 <title>Dynamic Choice</title> |
|
|
|
68 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dynamic-choice/</link> |
|
|
|
69 <description> |
|
|
|
70 [Revised entry by Chrisoula Andreou on October 20, 2020. |
|
|
|
71 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] |
|
|
|
72 Sometimes a series of choices do not serve one's concerns well even though each choice in the series seems perfectly well suited to serving one's concerns. In such cases, one has a dynamic choice problem. Otherwise put, one has a problem related to the fact that one's choices are spread out over time. There is a growing philosophical literature, which crosses over into psychology and economics, on the obstacles to effective dynamic choice. This literature examines the challenging choice situations and problematic...</description> |
|
|
|
73 <dc:creator>Chrisoula Andreou</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
74 <pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2020 18:10:15 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
75 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dynamic-choice/</guid> |
|
|
|
76 </item> |
|
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
78 <item> |
|
|
|
79 <title>Georg Friedrich Philipp von Hardenberg [Novalis]</title> |
|
|
|
80 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/novalis/</link> |
|
|
|
81 <description> |
|
|
|
82 [Revised entry by Kristin Gjesdal on October 20, 2020. |
|
|
|
83 Changes to: Bibliography] |
|
|
|
84 The philosophical impact of early German romanticism in general and Georg Philipp Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis) in particular has typically been traced back to a series of fragments and reflections on poetry, art, and beauty. Moreover, his name has been associated with an aestheticization of philosophy, an illegitimate valorizing of the medieval, and a politically reactionary program. This view of von Hardenberg, however, is to a large extent rooted in the image created posthumously by his increasingly conservative friends within the...</description> |
|
|
|
85 <dc:creator>Kristin Gjesdal</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
86 <pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2020 17:54:24 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
87 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/novalis/</guid> |
|
|
|
88 </item> |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
90 <item> |
|
|
|
91 <title>Parmenides</title> |
|
|
|
92 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/parmenides/</link> |
|
|
|
93 <description> |
|
|
|
94 [Revised entry by John Palmer on October 19, 2020. |
|
|
|
95 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] |
|
|
|
96 Parmenides of Elea, active in the earlier part of the 5th c. BCE, authored a difficult metaphysical poem that has earned him a reputation as early Greek philosophy's most profound and challenging thinker. His philosophical stance has typically been understood as at once extremely paradoxical and yet crucial for the broader development of Greek natural philosophy and metaphysics. He has been seen as a metaphysical monist (of one stripe or another) who so challenged the naive cosmological theories of his predecessors...</description> |
|
|
|
97 <dc:creator>John Palmer</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
98 <pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2020 18:22:14 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
99 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/parmenides/</guid> |
|
|
|
100 </item> |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
102 <item> |
|
|
|
103 <title>Facts</title> |
|
|
|
104 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/facts/</link> |
|
|
|
105 <description> |
|
|
|
106 [Revised entry by Kevin Mulligan and Fabrice Correia on October 16, 2020. |
|
|
|
107 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] |
|
|
|
108 Facts, philosophers like to say, are opposed to theories and to values (cf. Rundle 1993) and are to be distinguished from things, in particular from complex objects, complexes and wholes, and from relations. They are the objects of certain mental states and acts, they make truth-bearers true and correspond to truths, they are part of the furniture of the world. Not only do philosophers oppose facts to theories and to values, they sometimes distinguish between facts which are brute and those which are not (Anscombe 1958). We present...</description> |
|
|
|
109 <dc:creator>Kevin Mulligan and Fabrice Correia</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
110 <pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2020 18:18:34 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
111 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/facts/</guid> |
|
|
|
112 </item> |
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
114 <item> |
|
|
|
115 <title>Charles Hartshorne</title> |
|
|
|
116 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hartshorne/</link> |
|
|
|
117 <description> |
|
|
|
118 [Revised entry by Dan Dombrowski on October 16, 2020. |
|
|
|
119 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] |
|
|
|
120 Charles Hartshorne (pronounced Harts-horne) is considered by many philosophers to be one of the most important philosophers of religion and metaphysicians of the twentieth century. Although Hartshorne often criticized the metaphysics of substance found in medieval philosophy, he was very much like medieval thinkers in developing a philosophy that was theocentric. Throughout his career he defended the rationality of theism and for several decades was almost alone in...</description> |
|
|
|
121 <dc:creator>Dan Dombrowski</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
122 <pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2020 16:37:46 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
123 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hartshorne/</guid> |
|
|
|
124 </item> |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
126 <item> |
|
|
|
127 <title>Model Theory</title> |
|
|
|
128 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/model-theory/</link> |
|
|
|
129 <description> |
|
|
|
130 [Revised entry by Wilfrid Hodges on October 16, 2020. |
|
|
|
131 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] |
|
|
|
132 Model theory began with the study of formal languages and their interpretations, and of the kinds of classification that a particular formal language can make. Mainstream model theory is now a sophisticated branch of mathematics (see the entry on first-order model theory). But in a broader sense, model theory is the study of the interpretation of any language, formal or natural, by means of set-theoretic structures, with Alfred Tarski's...</description> |
|
|
|
133 <dc:creator>Wilfrid Hodges</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
134 <pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2020 15:48:57 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
135 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/model-theory/</guid> |
|
|
|
136 </item> |
|
|
|
137 |
|
|
|
138 <item> |
|
|
|
139 <title>Walter Benjamin</title> |
|
|
|
140 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/benjamin/</link> |
|
|
|
141 <description> |
|
|
|
142 [Revised entry by Peter Osborne and Matthew Charles on October 14, 2020. |
|
|
|
143 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] |
|
|
|
144 Walter Benjamin's importance as a philosopher and critical theorist can be gauged by the diversity of his intellectual influence and the continuing productivity of his thought. Primarily regarded as a literary critic and essayist, the philosophical basis of Benjamin's writings is increasingly acknowledged. They were a decisive influence upon Theodor W. Adorno's conception of philosophy's actuality or adequacy to the present (Adorno 1931). In the 1930s, Benjamin's efforts to develop a politically...</description> |
|
|
|
145 <dc:creator>Peter Osborne and Matthew Charles</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
146 <pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2020 18:29:17 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
147 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/benjamin/</guid> |
|
|
|
148 </item> |
|
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
150 <item> |
|
|
|
151 <title>The Free Rider Problem</title> |
|
|
|
152 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/free-rider/</link> |
|
|
|
153 <description> |
|
|
|
154 [Revised entry by Russell Hardin and Garrett Cullity on October 13, 2020. |
|
|
|
155 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] |
|
|
|
156 In many contexts, all of the individual members of a group can benefit from the efforts of each member and all can benefit substantially from collective action. For example, if each of us pollutes less by paying a bit extra for our cars, we all benefit from the reduction of harmful gases in the air we breathe and even in the reduced harm to the ozone layer that protects us against exposure to carcinogenic ultraviolet radiation (although those with fair skin...</description> |
|
|
|
157 <dc:creator>Russell Hardin and Garrett Cullity</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
158 <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2020 17:46:36 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
159 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/free-rider/</guid> |
|
|
|
160 </item> |
|
|
|
161 |
|
|
|
162 <item> |
|
|
|
163 <title>Russell’s Paradox</title> |
|
|
|
164 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell-paradox/</link> |
|
|
|
165 <description> |
|
|
|
166 [Revised entry by Andrew David Irvine and Harry Deutsch on October 12, 2020. |
|
|
|
167 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] |
|
|
|
168 Russell's paradox is the most famous of the logical or set-theoretical paradoxes. Also known as the Russell-Zermelo paradox, the paradox arises within naive set theory by considering the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Such a set appears to be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself. Hence the paradox....</description> |
|
|
|
169 <dc:creator>Andrew David Irvine and Harry Deutsch</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
170 <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2020 21:28:12 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
171 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell-paradox/</guid> |
|
|
|
172 </item> |
|
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
174 <item> |
|
|
|
175 <title>Ibn Sina’s Natural Philosophy</title> |
|
|
|
176 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina-natural/</link> |
|
|
|
177 <description> |
|
|
|
178 [Revised entry by Jon McGinnis on October 12, 2020. |
|
|
|
179 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] |
|
|
|
180 Ibn Sīnā (980 - 1037) - the Avicenna of Latin fame - is arguably the most important representative of falsafa, the Graeco-Arabic philosophical tradition beginning with Plato and Aristotle, extending through the Neoplatonic commentary tradition and continuing among philosophers and scientists in the medieval Arabic world. Avicenna's fame in many ways is a result of his ability to synthesize and to extend the many intellectual trends of his time. These trends included not only the aforementioned Greek...</description> |
|
|
|
181 <dc:creator>Jon McGinnis</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
182 <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2020 18:58:04 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
183 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina-natural/</guid> |
|
|
|
184 </item> |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
186 <item> |
|
|
|
187 <title>Aristotle’s Psychology</title> |
|
|
|
188 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-psychology/</link> |
|
|
|
189 <description> |
|
|
|
190 [Revised entry by Christopher Shields on October 12, 2020. |
|
|
|
191 Changes to: Bibliography, method.html] |
|
|
|
192 Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) was born in Macedon, in what is now northern Greece, but spent most of his adult life in Athens. His life in Athens divides into two periods, first as a member of Plato's Academy (367 - 347) and later as director of his own school, the Lyceum (334 - 323). The intervening years were spent mainly in Assos and Lesbos, and briefly back in Macedon. His years away from Athens were predominantly taken up with biological research and writing. Judged on...</description> |
|
|
|
193 <dc:creator>Christopher Shields</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
194 <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2020 18:51:59 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
195 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-psychology/</guid> |
|
|
|
196 </item> |
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
198 <item> |
|
|
|
199 <title>Decision Theory</title> |
|
|
|
200 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/decision-theory/</link> |
|
|
|
201 <description> |
|
|
|
202 [Revised entry by Katie Steele and H. Orri Stefánsson on October 9, 2020. |
|
|
|
203 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] |
|
|
|
204 Decision theory is concerned with the reasoning underlying an agent's choices, whether this is a mundane choice between taking the bus or getting a taxi, or a more far-reaching choice about whether to pursue a demanding political career. (Note that "agent" here stands for an entity, usually an individual person, that is capable of deliberation and action.) Standard thinking is that what an agent chooses to do on any given occasion is completely determined by her beliefs and desires or values, but this is not uncontroversial, as...</description> |
|
|
|
205 <dc:creator>Katie Steele and H. Orri Stefánsson</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
206 <pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2020 19:24:07 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
207 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/decision-theory/</guid> |
|
|
|
208 </item> |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
210 <item> |
|
|
|
211 <title>Kant’s View of the Mind and Consciousness of Self</title> |
|
|
|
212 <link>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-mind/</link> |
|
|
|
213 <description> |
|
|
|
214 [Revised entry by Andrew Brook and Julian Wuerth on October 8, 2020. |
|
|
|
215 Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] |
|
|
|
216 Even though Kant himself held that his view of the mind and consciousness were inessential to his main purpose, some of the ideas central to his point of view came to have an enormous influence on his successors. Some of his ideas are now central to cognitive science, for example. Other ideas equally central to his point of view had little influence on subsequent work. In this article, first we survey Kant's model as a whole and the claims in it that have been influential. Then we examine his claims about consciousness of self specifically. Many of his ideas that have not been influential are ideas about the consciousness of self....</description> |
|
|
|
217 <dc:creator>Andrew Brook and Julian Wuerth</dc:creator> |
|
|
|
218 <pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2020 18:38:12 -0800</pubDate> |
|
|
|
219 <guid>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-mind/</guid> |
|
|
|
220 </item> |
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
222 </channel> |
|
|
|
223 </rss> |
|